Acre had been under the control of the Canannites, and then Israelites before the Greeks conquered the city under Alexander the Great (356-323) in 332 BC.
Acre was then resettled at some point between 2000 BC and 1500 BC and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places on Earth. The oldest known remains of a farming settlement at Acre dates to between 3500 BC and 3050 BC, which was abandoned after a few centuries. The Old City of Acre was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001, and it is located in the Northern District of Israel sitting along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. For archaeologists it is a chance to study an outstanding palace from the era and one of the most complete examples of Roman siege works in the world. Today the ruins of Masada stands as a symbol of Israel's ancient kingdom and how it met its violent end. Later the Byzantine's set up a small church at the site over the fifth and six centuries before it was abandoned, leaving Masada to be forgotten until it was discovered in 1828. This long siege by the Romans finally ended with the mass suicide of the Sicarii rebels and there families, as they chose death rather than slavery once the Romans finally broke through Masada's defenses. Over the course of the war more Sicarii and their families came to Masada, where the war eventually reached its final moment with the Siege of Masada (73-74 AD) by the Romans. At the start of the First Jewish-Roman War (66-73 AD) in 66 AD a group of Jewish extremists called the Sicarii overpowered the Roman garrison stationed at Masada and took it for themselves as a base. The site at Masada was built as a palace complex and refugee at some point during the reign of King Herod the Great (74/73-4 BC) when he was ruler of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea (37-4 BC), a client state of Rome. The ruins of the fortress of Masada were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001, and are located in the Southern District of Israel near the Dead Sea. Israel today has nine United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites, all of which have been designated since the beginning of the 21st Century. The country is an ancient land with its history going back to ancient times and the land is seen as the Holy Land to the three major western religions of Christianity, Islam and Judaism. The country of Israel is located in Western Asia in the region known as the Middle East, bordering along the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Josephus said nearly 1,000 rebels were found dead when Roman troops broke through the walls, but the remains of just 28 people turned up in excavations.UNESCO World Heritage Sites In Israel Masada fortress ruins atop a plateau bordering the outskirts of the Dead Sea.
ANCIENT KINGDOM OF THE DEAD SEA FREE
Trade warfare always makes more sense than being pissed off at a group of free men atop a mountain. During the raid, 700 were killed at Ein Gedi, and the continued threat posed by Masada to the balsam trade is more than enough to explain Rome’s actions. One of the tour guides that led me through this 2022 visit to Masada, talked of the “rebels atop Masada” raiding Ein Gedi for food and supplies, attacking other Jews. Ein Gedi and Jericho were the only two ancient oases that commercially produced the balsam plant, exported throughout the known world to treat ailments from cataracts to coughs to snakebites. Stiebel has a different theory from the conventional. One important question remains: why did the Romans besiege Masada at all? It was a lot of expense and work to maintain a Roman Legion in the desert pulling basically guard duty. The new digs have shown the sheer size of King Herod’s irrigated gardens, his vine-growing and possible wine production, and uncovering how the rebels grew crops atop the craggy site. “We’re actually excavating a refugee camp,” said Professor Guy Stiebel of Tel Aviv University, who led excavations in 2017 that were the first at the site in over a decade.
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